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The left–right political spectrum is a system of classifying political positions, ideologies and parties, with emphasis placed upon issues of social equality and social hierarchy. In addition to positions on the left and on the right, there are centrist and moderate positions, which are not strongly aligned with either end of the spectrum.
As seen from the Speaker's seat at the front of the Assembly, the aristocracy sat on the right (traditionally the seat of honor) and the commoners sat on the left, hence the terms right-wing politics and left-wing politics. Originally, the defining point on the ideological spectrum was the Ancien Régime ("old order").
Top left – Left-wing political philosophies. Those supporting low economic freedom and high personal freedom. Bottom right – Right-wing political philosophies. Those supporting high economic freedom and low personal freedom. Top right – Libertarians. David Nolan's own philosophy, corresponding with those supporting high economic and ...
The history of left-wing politics in the United States consists of a broad range of individuals and groups that have sought fundamental egalitarian changes. [1] Left-wing activists in the United States have been credited with advancing social change on issues such as labor and civil rights as well as providing critiques of capitalism.
Right-wing politics is the range of political ideologies that view certain social orders and hierarchies as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, [1] [2] [3] typically supporting this position based on natural law, economics, authority, property, religion, biology, or tradition.
American right-wing populists advocate tax cuts, protectionism, and opposition to immigration, framing politics as a battle against "elites" from above and "subversives" from below. [86] [87] [88] Conservatism in the United States does not advocate a unified foreign policy ideology, though common tenets include support for American hegemony ...
Populism is an approach to politics which views "the people" as being opposed to "the elite" and is often used as a synonym of anti-establishment; as an ideology, it transcends the typical divisions of left and right and has become more prevalent in the US with the rise of disenfranchisement and apathy toward the establishment.
Populism itself cannot be positioned on the left–right political spectrum, and both right and left-wing populisms exist. Populist movements can also mix divisions between left and right, for instance by combining xenophobic attitudes commonly associated with the far-right with redistributive economic policies closer to those of the left.