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Jazz improvisation is the spontaneous invention of melodic solo lines or accompaniment parts in a performance of jazz music. It is one of the defining elements of jazz. Improvisation is composing on the spot, when a singer or instrumentalist invents melodies and lines over a chord progression played by rhythm section instruments (piano, guitar ...
Outside (jazz) In jazz improvisation, outside playing describes approaches where one plays over a scale, mode or chord that is harmonically distant from the given chord. There are several common techniques to playing outside, that include side-stepping or side-slipping, superimposition of Coltrane changes, [1] and polytonality.
The tritone substitution is a common chord substitution found in both jazz and classical music. Where jazz is concerned, it was the precursor to more complex substitution patterns like Coltrane changes. Tritone substitutions are sometimes used in improvisation —often to create tension during a solo.
For instance, in example one above (C 7 ♯ 9) the triad of E ♭ major is a (compound) minor 3rd away from C (root of the bottom chord). Thus, this upper structure can be called upper structure flat three, or US ♭ III for short. Other possible upper structures are: USII – e.g. D major over C 7, resulting in C 13 ♯ 11
In classical major-mode harmony, chords typically belong to the same scale. For example, a ii–V–I progression in C major will typically use only the notes of the C diatonic collection. In jazz, a four-chord progression may use four different scales, often as the result of chordal alterations.
The last two bars, played with overlapping hands, are a denser cluster. A tone cluster is a musical chord comprising at least three adjacent tones in a scale. Prototypical tone clusters are based on the chromatic scale and are separated by semitones. For instance, three adjacent piano keys (such as C, C ♯, and D) struck simultaneously produce ...
When jazz guitar players improvise, they use the scales, modes, and arpeggios associated with the chords in a tune's chord progression. The approach to improvising has changed since the earliest eras of jazz guitar. During the Swing era, many soloists improvised "by ear" by embellishing the melody with ornaments and passing notes.
Comping (jazz) "Charleston" rhythm, simple rhythm commonly used in comping. [ 1] Play example ⓘ. In jazz, comping (an abbreviation of accompaniment; [ 2] or possibly from the verb, to "complement") is the chords, rhythms, and countermelodies that keyboard players ( piano or organ), guitar players, or drummers use to support a musician's ...