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A major measure of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ). The glomerular filtration rate is the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney. The creatinine clearance rate ( CCr or CrCl) is the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit time and is a useful measure for approximating the GFR.
Blood tests are also used to assess kidney function. These include tests that are intended to directly measure the function of the kidneys, as well as tests that assess the function of the kidneys by looking for evidence of problems associated with abnormal function. One of the measures of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
In the physiology of the kidney, renal blood flow ( RBF) is the volume of blood delivered to the kidneys per unit time. In humans, the kidneys together receive roughly 25% of cardiac output, amounting to 1.2 - 1.3 L/min in a 70-kg adult male. [ 1] It passes about 94% to the cortex. RBF is closely related to renal plasma flow ( RPF ), which is ...
Renal physiology. This illustration demonstrates the normal kidney physiology, including the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT). It also includes illustrations showing where some types of diuretics act, and what they do. Renal physiology ( Latin rēnēs, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology ...
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. [ 2] Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney ...
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and significant swelling. Other symptoms may include weight gain, feeling tired, and foamy urine. Complications may include blood clots, infections, and high blood pressure.
Hemodialysis. Hemodialysis, also spelled haemodialysis, or simply dialysis, is a process of filtering the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working normally. This type of dialysis achieves the extracorporeal removal of waste products such as creatinine and urea and free water from the blood when the kidneys are in a state of kidney failure.
The renin–angiotensin system ( RAS ), or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system ( RAAS ), is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance. [ 2][ 3] When renal blood flow is reduced, juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys convert the precursor prorenin (already present in the ...