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Elections. In representative electoral systems, gerrymandering ( / ˈdʒɛriˌmændərɪŋ /, originally / ˈɡɛriˌmændərɪŋ /) [ 1][ 2] is the political manipulation of electoral district boundaries with the intent to create undue advantage for a party, group, or socioeconomic class within the constituency.
Advanced Placement ( AP) World History: Modern (also known as AP World History, AP World, APWH, or WHAP) is a college-level course and examination offered to high school students in the United States through the College Board 's Advanced Placement program. AP World History: Modern was designed to help students develop a greater understanding of ...
Structural adjustment. Structural adjustment programs ( SAPs) consist of loans ( structural adjustment loans; SALs) provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) to countries that experience economic crises. [ 1] Their stated purpose is to adjust the country's economic structure, improve international competitiveness ...
v. t. e. World government is the concept of a single political authority with jurisdiction over all of Earth and humanity. It is conceived in a variety of forms, from tyrannical to democratic, which reflects its wide array of proponents and detractors. [ 1]
Federalist No. 15 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the fifteenth of The Federalist Papers. [1] It was published by The Independent Journal (New York) on December 1, 1787, under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist papers were published at the time. [2] No. 15 addresses the failures of the Articles of Confederation to ...
[44] [45] A common simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of state is not a monarch. [46] [47] Montesquieu included both democracies, where all the people have a share in rule, and aristocracies or oligarchies, where only some of the people rule, as republican forms of government. [48] These categories are not exclusive.
This definition is disputed by Thoreau's political philosophy on the conscience vs. the collective. The person is the final judge of right and wrong. More than this, since only people act, only a person can act unjustly. When the government knocks on the door, it is a person in the form of a postman or tax collector whose hand hits the wood.
List of countries by system of government. Note: this chart represents de jure systems of government, not the de facto degree of democracy. This is a list of sovereign states by constitutionally defined de jure system of government. This list does not measure degree of democracy, political corruption, or state capacity of governments.