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Controlled-environment agriculture. Controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) -- which includes indoor agriculture (IA) and vertical farming —is a technology-based approach toward food production. The aim of CEA is to provide protection from the outdoor elements and maintain optimal growing conditions throughout the development of the crop.
The term "vertical farming" was coined by Gilbert Ellis Bailey in 1915 in his book Vertical Farming.His use of the term differs from the current meaning—he wrote about farming with a special interest in soil origin, its nutrient content and the view of plant life as "vertical" life forms, specifically relating to their underground root structures. [16]
Plants placed into nutrient-rich water channels in an NFT system A home-built NFT hydroponic system. Nutrient film technique (NFT) is a hydroponic technique where in a very shallow stream of water containing all the dissolved nutrients required for plant growth is re-circulated past the bare roots of plants in a watertight gully, also known as channels.
Passive sub-irrigation, also known as passive hydroponics, semi-hydroponics, or hydroculture, [53] is a method wherein plants are grown in an inert porous medium that moves water and fertilizer to the roots by capillary action from a separate reservoir as necessary, reducing labor and providing a constant supply of water to the roots. In the ...
The Kratky method is a passive hydroponic technique for growing plants suspended above a reservoir of nutrient-rich water. [1] Because it is a non-circulating technique, no additional inputs of water or nutrients are needed after the original application, and no electricity, pumps, or water and oxygen circulation systems are required. [2]
Deep water culture (DWC) is a hydroponic method of plant production by means of suspending the plant roots in a solution of nutrient-rich, oxygenated water. Also known as deep flow technique (DFT), floating raft technology (FRT), or raceway, this method uses a rectangular tank less than one foot deep filled with a nutrient-rich solution with ...
Infiltration (hydrology) Cross-section of a hillslope depicting the vadose zone, capillary fringe, water table, and phreatic or saturated zone. (Source: United States Geological Survey.) Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. It is commonly used in both hydrology and soil sciences.
Cation-exchange capacity is defined as the amount of positive charge that can be exchanged per mass of soil, usually measured in cmol c /kg. Some texts use the older, equivalent units me/100g or meq/100g. CEC is measured in moles of electric charge, so a cation-exchange capacity of 10 cmol c /kg could hold 10 cmol of Na + cations (with 1 unit ...