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The three "R"s stand for carbon substituents or hydrogen atoms. [1] In chemistry, an alcohol is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl ( −OH) functional group bound to carbon. [2] [3] Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugars and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly ...
Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 CH 2 OH. It is an alcohol, with its formula also written as C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 6 O or EtOH, where Et stands for ethyl. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like ...
The Zunis made fermented beverages from aloe, maguey, corn, prickly pear, pitaya and grapes. [51] The Creek of Georgia and Cherokee of the Carolinas used berries and other fruits to make alcoholic beverages. [52] The Huron made a mild beer by soaking corn in water to produce a fermented gruel to be consumed at tribal feasts. [50]
Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products. Because yeasts perform this conversion in the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation is considered an anaerobic process.
Of all alcohol-attributable deaths, motor vehicle accidents account for 27.5% and alcoholic liver disease accounts for 25.2%. Alcohol-related fatal car accidents are three times more prevalent among Native Americans than in other ethnicities. Alcohol was shown to be a factor in 69% of all suicides of Native Americans between 1980 and 1998. [163]
Jesus making wine from water in The Marriage at Cana, a 14th-century fresco from the Visoki Dečani monastery. Christian views on alcohol are varied. Throughout the first 1,800 years of Church history, Christians generally consumed alcoholic beverages as a common part of everyday life and used "the fruit of the vine" [1] in their central rite—the Eucharist or Lord's Supper.
The Merry Drinker (c. 1628–1630) by Frans Hals. Drinking culture is the set of traditions and social behaviours that surround the consumption of alcoholic beverages as a recreational drug and social lubricant. Although alcoholic beverages and social attitudes toward drinking vary around the world, nearly every civilization has independently ...
The pharmacology of ethanol involves both pharmacodynamics (how it affects the body) and pharmacokinetics (how the body processes it). In the body, ethanol primarily affects the central nervous system, acting as a depressant and causing sedation, relaxation, and decreased anxiety. The complete list of mechanisms remains an area of research, but ...