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Frequency. 2% (people in hospital) [ 1] Hypophosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is a low level of phosphate in the blood. [ 1] Symptoms may include weakness, trouble breathing, and loss of appetite. [ 1] Complications may include seizures, coma, rhabdomyolysis, or softening of the bones.
In general, lower levels of enzyme activity correlate with more severe symptoms. The decrease in ALP activity leads to an increase in pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP), which is the major form of Vitamin B6, in the blood, although tissue levels of Vitamin B6 may be unremarkable [30] and correlates with disease severity. [31]
The levels of this enzyme in the blood depend on factors such as age, sex, or blood type. [2] Blood levels of alkaline phosphatase also increase by two to four times during pregnancy. This is a result of additional alkaline phosphatase produced by the placenta and the liver. [3] [4] Additionally, abnormal levels of alkaline phosphatase in the ...
003436. [ edit on Wikidata] Liver function tests ( LFTs or LFs ), also referred to as a hepatic panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [ 1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin, bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.
Pathology. Elevated alkaline phosphatase occurs when levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) exceed the reference range. This group of enzymes has a low substrate specificity and catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate esters in a basic environment. The major function of alkaline phosphatase is transporting chemicals across cell membranes. [ 1]
Metabolic alkalosis is an acid-base disorder in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45). This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate ( HCO− 3 ), or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations. The condition typically cannot last long if ...
Metabolic acidosis can lead to acidemia, which is defined as arterial blood pH that is lower than 7.35. [6] Acidemia and acidosis are not mutually exclusive – pH and hydrogen ion concentrations also depend on the coexistence of other acid-base disorders; therefore, pH levels in people with metabolic acidosis can range from low to high.
Alkalosis is the result of a process reducing hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma ( alkalemia ). In contrast to acidemia (serum pH 7.35 or lower), alkalemia occurs when the serum pH is higher than normal (7.45 or higher). Alkalosis is usually divided into the categories of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis or a ...