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Jazz improvisation is the spontaneous invention of melodic solo lines or accompaniment parts in a performance of jazz music. It is one of the defining elements of jazz. Improvisation is composing on the spot, when a singer or instrumentalist invents melodies and lines over a chord progression played by rhythm section instruments (piano, guitar ...
Hemitonic pentatonic scales are also called "ditonic scales", because the largest interval in them is the ditone (e.g., in the scale C–E–F–G–B–C, the interval found between C–E and G–B). [7] (This should not be confused with the identical term also used by musicologists to describe a scale including only two notes.)
The tritone substitution is a common chord substitution found in both jazz and classical music. Where jazz is concerned, it was the precursor to more complex substitution patterns like Coltrane changes. Tritone substitutions are sometimes used in improvisation —often to create tension during a solo.
For instance, in C major, a jazz musician may alter the V chord, G 7 (G–B–D–F), with a flattened fifth, producing the chord G 7 ♭ 5 (G–B–D ♭ –F). An improviser might then choose a scale containing these four notes, such as the G whole tone scale, the G octatonic scale, or a mode of either D or A ♭ melodic minor ascending.
5-34. The jazz minor scale or ascending melodic minor scale is a derivative of the melodic minor scale, except only the ascending form of the scale is used. As the name implies, it is primarily used in jazz [citation needed], although it may be found in other types of music as well. It may be derived from the major scale with a minor third, [ 1 ...
Altered scale. In jazz, the altered scale, altered dominant scale, or Super Locrian scale ( Locrian ♭4 scale) is a seven-note scale that is a dominant scale where all non-essential tones have been altered. This means that it comprises the three irreducibly essential tones that define a dominant seventh chord, which are root, major third, and ...
Jazz harmony is the theory and practice of how chords are used in jazz music. Jazz bears certain similarities to other practices in the tradition of Western harmony, such as many chord progressions, and the incorporation of the major and minor scales as a basis for chordal construction. In jazz, chords are often arranged vertically in major or ...
In jazz and jazz harmony, the chord progression from iv 7 to ♭ VII 7 to I (the tonic or "home" chord) has been nicknamed the backdoor progression[ 1][ 2] or the backdoor ii-V, as described by jazz theorist and author Jerry Coker. This name derives from an assumption that the normal progression to the tonic, the ii-V-I turnaround (ii-V 7 to I ...