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Two sets, or tiers, of emission standards for light-duty vehicles in the United States were defined as a result of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The Tier I standard was adopted in 1991 and was phased in from 1994 to 1997. Tier II standards were phased in from 2004 to 2009. Within the Tier II ranking, there is a subranking ranging from ...
The Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters. [ 2] President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9, 1970; it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. [ 3]
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) is a United States law, passed by the 94th United States Congress in 1976 and administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), that regulates chemicals not regulated by other U.S. federal statutes, [1] including chemicals already in commerce and the introduction of new chemicals.
The GreenScreen for Safer Chemicals is a transparent, open standard for assessing chemical hazard that supports alternatives assessment for toxics use reduction through identifying chemicals of concern and safer alternatives. [1] It is used by researchers, product formulators and certifiers in a variety of industries, including building ...
Significant New Alternatives Policy. The Significant New Alternatives Policy (also known as Section 612 of the Clean Air Act or SNAP, promulgated at 40 CFR part 82 Subpart G) is a program of the EPA to determine acceptable chemical substitutes, and establish which are prohibited or regulated by the EPA. [1]
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) is an environmental assessment program operated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The IRIS program is focused on risk assessment, and not risk management (those decision processes involving analysis of regulatory, legal, social and economic considerations related to the risks being ...
Norris, 463 U.S. 1073 (1983) The Equal Pay Act of 1963 is a United States labor law amending the Fair Labor Standards Act, aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex (see gender pay gap ). It was signed into law on June 10, 1963, by John F. Kennedy as part of his New Frontier Program. [ 3] In passing the bill, Congress stated that sex ...
The United States Environmental Protection Agency defines environmental justice as: [9] the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies.