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Osteopenia, known as " low bone mass " or " low bone density ", is a condition in which bone mineral density is low. [ 1] Because their bones are weaker, people with osteopenia may have a higher risk of fractures, and some people may go on to develop osteoporosis. [ 2] In 2010, 43 million older adults in the US had osteopenia. [ 3]
Orthopedic. X-ray of the hips in osteogenesis imperfecta, showing low bone density. The main symptom of osteogenesis imperfecta is fragile, low mineral density bones; all types of OI have some bone involvement. [ 5] In moderate and especially severe OI, the long bones may be bowed, sometimes extremely so. [ 28]
Senile osteoporosis. Senile osteoporosis has been recently recognized as a geriatric syndrome with a particular pathophysiology. There are different classification of osteoporosis: primary, in which bone loss is a result of aging and secondary, in which bone loss occurs from various clinical and lifestyle factors. [1]
Frequency. 15% (50 year olds), 70% (over 80 year olds) [ 7 ] Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to more porous bone, and consequent increase in fracture risk. It is the most common reason for a broken bone among the elderly. [ 3 ]
The most common cause for hip fractures in the elderly is osteoporosis; if this is the case, treatment of the osteoporosis can well reduce the risk of further fracture. Only young patients tend to consider having it removed; the implant may function as a stress riser , increasing the risk of a break if another accident occurs.
Pathologic fracture. A pathologic fracture is a bone fracture caused by weakness of the bone structure that leads to decrease mechanical resistance to normal mechanical loads. [ 1] This process is most commonly due to osteoporosis, but may also be due to other pathologies such as cancer, infection (such as osteomyelitis ), inherited bone ...
The DXA test works by measuring a specific bone or bones, usually the spine, hip, and wrist. The density of these bones is then compared with an average index based on age, sex, and size. The resulting comparison is used to determine the risk for fractures and the stage of osteoporosis (if any) in an individual.
Osteogenic loading ( OL) is a rehabilitative exercise method with the goal of improving bone density and preventing bone fracture. This may be seen as brief, intensive, resistance exercise for bone health. Osteogenic loading is an outpatient therapy that typically, is used with ambulatory individuals who are able to engage in resistance exercise.