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A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a / b or , where a and b are both integers. [9] As with other fractions, the denominator ( b) cannot be zero. Examples include 1 2, − 8 5, −8 5, and 8 −5.
The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, [1] [2] an ancient Egyptian mathematical work, includes a mathematical table for converting rational numbers of the form 2/ n into Egyptian fractions (sums of distinct unit fractions ), the form the Egyptians used to write fractional numbers. The text describes the representation of 50 rational numbers.
The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals. The term coefficient of relationship was defined by Sewall Wright in 1922, and was derived from his definition of the coefficient of inbreeding of 1921. The measure is most commonly used in genetics and genealogy.
The 100 seats in the United States Senate are divided into 3 classes to determine which seats will be up for election in any 2-year cycle, with only 1 class being up for election at a time. With senators being elected to fixed terms of 6 years, the classes allow about a third of the seats to be up for election in any presidential or midterm ...
Also bear in mind that the fraction 2/3 is the single exception, used in addition to integers, that Ahmes uses alongside all (positive) rational unit fractions to express Egyptian fractions. The 2/n table can be said to partially follow an algorithm (see problem 61B) for expressing 2/n as an Egyptian fraction of 2 terms, when n is composite.
For instance, the primary pseudoperfect number 1806 is the product of the prime numbers 2, 3, 7, and 43, and gives rise to the Egyptian fraction 1 = 1 / 2 + 1 / 3 + 1 / 7 + 1 / 43 + 1 / 1806. Egyptian fractions are normally defined as requiring all denominators to be distinct, but this requirement can be relaxed to allow repeated denominators.
In modern mathematical notation, one might say that the scribe showed that 3 times the hekat fraction (1/4 + 1/16 + 1/64) is equal to 63/64, and that 3 times the remainder part, (1 + 2/3) ro, is equal to 5 ro, which is equal to 1/64 of a hekat, which sums to the initial hekat unity (64/64). Other fractions
For example, in duodecimal, 1 / 2 = 0.6, 1 / 3 = 0.4, 1 / 4 = 0.3 and 1 / 6 = 0.2 all terminate; 1 / 5 = 0. 2497 repeats with period length 4, in contrast with the equivalent decimal expansion of 0.2; 1 / 7 = 0. 186A35 has period 6 in duodecimal, just as it does in decimal. If b is an integer base and k is an integer, then