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G2A.COM Limited (commonly referred to as G2A) is a digital marketplace headquartered in the Netherlands, with offices in Poland and Hong Kong. The site operates in the resale of gaming products by the use of redemption keys. Other items sold on the site are software, prepaid activation codes, electronics, and merchandise.
Description. Message authentication or data origin authentication is an information security property that indicates that a message has not been modified while in transit ( data integrity) and that the receiving party can verify the source of the message. [1] Message authentication does not necessarily include the property of non-repudiation.
A chosen-ciphertext attack ( CCA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the cryptanalyst can gather information by obtaining the decryptions of chosen ciphertexts. From these pieces of information the adversary can attempt to recover the secret key used for decryption. For formal definitions of security against chosen-ciphertext attacks ...
In 2023, 26.7% of executives at Level 8 or above were women. That’s up from 25.2% in 2022 and 24.1% in 2021. But earlier this month, I was reminded of Amazon’s male-dominated leadership beyond ...
The security of the ElGamal scheme depends on the properties of the underlying group as well as any padding scheme used on the messages. If the computational Diffie–Hellman assumption (CDH) holds in the underlying cyclic group G {\displaystyle G} , then the encryption function is one-way .
Stream ciphers are vulnerable to attack if the same key is used twice (depth of two) or more. Say we send messages A and B of the same length, both encrypted using same key, K. The stream cipher produces a string of bits C (K) the same length as the messages. The encrypted versions of the messages then are: where xor is performed bit by bit.
Russian use of social media to disseminate propaganda content was very broad. Facebook and Twitter were used, but also Reddit, Tumblr, Pinterest, Medium, YouTube, Vine, and Google+ (among other sites). Instagram was by far the most used platform, and one that largely remained out of the public eye until late 2018.
Secure instant messaging. Secure instant messaging is a form of instant messaging. Both terms refer to an informal means for computer users to exchange messages commonly referred to as "chats". Instant messaging can be compared to texting as opposed to making a mobile phone call. In the case of messaging, it is like the short form of emailing.