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English Braille, also known as Grade 2 Braille, [ 1 ] is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of around 250 letters (phonograms), numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations (logograms). Some English Braille letters, such as ⠡ ch , [ 2 ] correspond to more than one letter in print.
The contraction rules take into account the linguistic structure of the word; thus, contractions are generally not to be used when their use would alter the usual braille form of a base word to which a prefix or suffix has been added.
Unified English Braille is designed to be readily understood by people familiar with the literary braille (used in standard prose writing), while also including support for specialized math and science symbols, computer-related symbols (the @ sign [ 1 ] as well as more specialised programming-language syntax), foreign alphabets, and visual ...
The Braille pattern dots-45 ( ⠘ ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top and middle right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top and upper middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2818, and in Braille ASCII with a caret: ^.
New York Point (New York Point: ) is a braille-like system of tactile writing for the blind invented by William Bell Wait (1839–1916), a teacher in the New York Institute for the Education of the Blind.
The Unicode names of braille dot patterns are not the same as what many English speakers would use colloquially. In particular, Unicode names use the word dots in the plural even when only one dot is listed: thus Unicode says braille pattern dots-5 when most English-speaking users of braille would simply say "braille dot 5" or just "dot 5".
Some languages use contracted braille, where the rules for various braille abbreviations are quite complex. For example, in contracted English braille, the word think (5 letters) is rendered as 3 characters: ⠹ ⠢ ⠅ (th) (in)k. The use or non-use of these contractions is related to pronunciation.
When Paralympic athletes accept their medals in Paris, they’re given a plush version of the official Paralympic mascot, the Phryge, with a Braille word on it.
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