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Vaiyapuri Pillai, the author of the Tamil lexicon, dated Tolkappiyam to not earlier than the 5th or 6th century CE. [21] [37] Kamil V. Zvelebil dates the earliest layer, the core Ur-text of the Tolkappiyam to 150 BCE or later. [38] In his 1974 review, Zvelebil places Book 1 and 2 of the Tolkappiyam in the 100 BCE to 250 CE period. [39]
Kannagi – the heroine and central character of the epic; she is the simple, quiet, patient and faithful housewife fully dedicated to her unfaithful husband in book 1; who transforms into a passionate, heroic, rage-driven revenge seeker of injustice in book 2; then becomes a goddess that inspires Chera people to build her temple, invade, fight ...
Neṭunalvāṭai (Tamil: நெடுநல்வாடை, lit. "good long north wind", metonymically "cold season") is an ancient Tamil poem in the Sangam ...
They are Silappatikāram, Manimekalai, Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi, Valayapathi and Kundalakesi. [1] Three of the five great epics of Tamil literature are attributed to Tamil Jains, while two are attributed to Tamil Buddhists. Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi, Cilappathikāram, and Valayapathi were written by Tamil Jains, while Manimekalai and Kundalakesi were ...
Kalittokai (Tamil: கலித்தொகை meaning the kali-metre anthology) is a classical Tamil poetic work and the sixth of Eight Anthologies (Ettuthokai) in the Sangam literature. It is an "akam genre – love and erotic – collection par excellence", according to Kamil Zvelebil – a Tamil literature and history scholar.
Aṟam, the Tamil term that loosely corresponds to the English term 'virtue', correlates with the first of the four ancient Indian values of dharma, artha, kama and moksha. The Book of Aṟam exclusively deals with virtues independent of the surroundings, including the vital principles of non-violence , moral vegetarianism , [a] veracity , and ...
The first part of the poem deals with the basic principles of the 'Way of Order'(Tamil: முறை வழி, muṟai vazhi) which is his term for natural law. Every human of every town is of the same value because they are கேளிர் (related). Hence, all people should be bound by one, same moral and legal code.
Ancient Tamil music. edit. Naṉṉūl ( Tamil: நன்னூல்) is a work on Tamil grammar written by a Jain ascetic [ 1] Pavananthi Munivar around 13th century CE. [ 2] It is the most significant work on Tamil grammar after Tolkāppiyam. [ 2] The work credits Western Ganga vassal king Seeya Gangan of Kolar with patronising it. [ 3][ 4]