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Statistics (from German: Statistik, orig. "description of a state, a country") [ 1][ 2] is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. [ 3][ 4][ 5] In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or ...
Statistical graphics have been central to the development of science and date to the earliest attempts to analyse data. Many familiar forms, including bivariate plots, statistical maps, bar charts, and coordinate paper were used in the 18th century. Statistical graphics developed through attention to four problems: [ 3]
Importance: Made measure-theoretic probability the standard language for advanced statistics in the English-speaking world, following its earlier adoption in France and the USSR. Statistical Decision Functions. Author: Abraham Wald Publication data: 1950. John Wiley & Sons. Description: Exposition of statistical decision theory as a foundations ...
Astrostatistics. Asymptotic distribution. Asymptotic equipartition property (information theory) Asymptotic normality – redirects to Asymptotic distribution. Asymptotic relative efficiency – redirects to Efficiency (statistics) Asymptotic theory (statistics) Atkinson index. Attack rate. Augmented Dickey–Fuller test.
History of statistics. Statistics, in the modern sense of the word, began evolving in the 18th century in response to the novel needs of industrializing sovereign states . In early times, the meaning was restricted to information about states, particularly demographics such as population. This was later extended to include all collections of ...
Demographic statistics are measures of the characteristics of, or changes to, a population. Records of births, deaths, marriages, immigration and emigration and a regular census of population provide information that is key to making sound decisions about national policy. [ 1][ 2] A useful summary of such data is the population pyramid.
Plot (graphics) A plot is a graphical technique for representing a data set, usually as a graph showing the relationship between two or more variables. The plot can be drawn by hand or by a computer. In the past, sometimes mechanical or electronic plotters were used.
v. t. e. A descriptive statistic (in the count noun sense) is a summary statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features from a collection of information, [ 1] while descriptive statistics (in the mass noun sense) is the process of using and analysing those statistics. Descriptive statistics is distinguished from inferential ...