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A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule ( SPN) or coin lesion, [ 1] is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. [ 2] There may also be multiple nodules.
1.8 million (2020) [ 3] Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that begins in the lung. Lung cancer is caused by genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, often caused by cigarette smoking or inhaling damaging chemicals. Damaged airway cells gain the ability to multiply unchecked, causing the growth of a tumor.
A Pancoast tumor is a tumor of the apex of the lung. It is a type of lung cancer defined primarily by its location situated at the top end of either the right or left lung. It typically spreads to nearby tissues such as the ribs and vertebrae. Most Pancoast tumors are non-small-cell lung cancers . The growing tumor can cause compression of many ...
The signs and symptoms of this specific type of lung cancer are similar to other forms of lung cancer, and patients most commonly complain of persistent cough and shortness of breath. Adenocarcinoma is more common in patients with a history of cigarette smoking, and is the most common form of lung cancer in younger women and Asian populations.
A lung cavity or pulmonary cavity is an abnormal, thick-walled, air-filled space within the lung. [ 1] Cavities in the lung can be caused by infections, cancer, autoimmune conditions, trauma, congenital defects, [ 2] or pulmonary embolism. [ 3] The most common cause of a single lung cavity is lung cancer. [ 4]
Squamous-cell lung carcinoma is one of the tumor types with the highest number of mutations since smoking, the main driver of the disease, is a strong mutagenic factor. [5] Inactivating mutations in lung SCC affect many tumor suppressor genes such as TP53 (mutated in 81% of cases), MLL2 (20%), CDKN2A (15%), KEAP1 (12%) and PTEN (8%).
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