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Normalcy bias, a form of cognitive dissonance, is the refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster which has never happened before. Effort justification is a person's tendency to attribute greater value to an outcome if they had to put effort into achieving it. This can result in more value being applied to an outcome than it actually has.
Impression management. Impression management is a conscious or subconscious process in which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event by regulating and controlling information in social interaction. [ 1] It was first conceptualized by Erving Goffman in 1959 in The Presentation of Self in ...
Abilene paradox. The Abilene paradox is a collective fallacy, in which a group of people collectively decide on a course of action that is counter to the preferences of most or all individuals in the group, while each individual believes it to be aligned with the preferences of most of the others. [ 1][ 2] It involves a breakdown of group ...
The six stages of moral development occur in phases of pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional morality. For his studies, Kohlberg relied on stories such as the Heinz dilemma and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas.
Relevant items of information include peoples' actions, feelings, ideas, beliefs, values, and things in the environment. Cognitive dissonance is typically experienced as psychological stress when persons participate in an action that goes against one or more of those things. According to this theory, when an action or idea is psychologically ...
Image source: Getty Images. If you're worried that next year's Social Security COLA will fall short for you, now's the time to take action, rather than sitting back and waiting for your monthly ...
[1] [2] [3] When paired with a single individual who opposed their answers, the subject retained high levels of independence in their answers. Increasing the opposing group to two or three persons increased conformity substantially. Increases beyond three persons (e.g., four, five, six, etc.) did not further-increase conformity. Written responses
Action steps should be clear and actionable versus vague ideas or thoughts. Responsibility: each action step needs to have one person responsible. Support: For each action step, determine who will support the person responsible. This can be multiple people. The key is that they're not responsible for the action or outcome.