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Stream cipher. The operation of the keystream generator in A5/1, an LFSR-based stream cipher used to encrypt mobile phone conversations. A stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream ( keystream ). In a stream cipher, each plaintext digit is encrypted one at a time with the ...
In 2012, the attack by Aumasson et al. was improved by Shi et al. against Salsa20/7 (128-bit key) to a time complexity of 2 109 and Salsa20/8 (256-bit key) to 2 250. [17] In 2013, Mouha and Preneel published a proof [18] that 15 rounds of Salsa20 was 128-bit secure against differential cryptanalysis .
Initialization vector. In cryptography, an initialization vector ( IV) or starting variable [1] is an input to a cryptographic primitive being used to provide the initial state. The IV is typically required to be random or pseudorandom, but sometimes an IV only needs to be unpredictable or unique. Randomization is crucial for some encryption ...
Proposed new random number generators are often compared to the RC4 random number generator. Several attacks on RC4 are able to distinguish its output from a random sequence. Implementation. Many stream ciphers are based on linear-feedback shift registers (LFSRs), which, while efficient in hardware, are less so in software. The design of RC4 ...
RDRAND (for "read random") is an instruction for returning random numbers from an Intel on-chip hardware random number generator which has been seeded by an on-chip entropy source. [1] It is also known as Intel Secure Key Technology, [2] codenamed Bull Mountain. [3] Intel introduced the feature around 2012, and AMD added support for the ...
The remainder of the conversation uses a (typically faster) symmetric-key algorithm for encryption. Computer cryptography uses integers for keys. In some cases, keys are randomly generated using a random number generator (RNG) or pseudorandom number generator (PRNG). A PRNG is a computer algorithm that
A cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator ( CSPRNG) or cryptographic pseudorandom number generator ( CPRNG) is a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) with properties that make it suitable for use in cryptography. It is also referred to as a cryptographic random number generator ( CRNG ).
Alternating step generator. In cryptography, an alternating step generator ( ASG) is a cryptographic pseudorandom number generator used in stream ciphers, based on three linear-feedback shift registers. Its output is a combination of two LFSRs which are stepped (clocked) in an alternating fashion, depending on the output of a third LFSR.