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This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L) This glossary of cellular and molecular biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of cell biology, molecular biology, and related disciplines, including genetics, biochemistry, and microbiology. [1] It is split across two articles:
Genetic code. A series of codons in part of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. Each codon consists of three nucleotides, usually corresponding to a single amino acid. The nucleotides are abbreviated with the letters A, U, G and C. This is mRNA, which uses U ( uracil ). DNA uses T ( thymine) instead.
Category. v. t. e. An image of the 46 chromosomes making up the diploid genome of a human male (the mitochondrial chromosomes are not shown). In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. [1] It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses ).
Intermediate minor rankings are not shown. In biological taxonomy, a domain ( / dəˈmeɪn / or / doʊˈmeɪn /) ( Latin: regio [1] ), also dominion, [2] superkingdom, realm, or empire, is the highest taxonomic rank of all organisms taken together. It was introduced in the three-domain system of taxonomy devised by Carl Woese, Otto Kandler and ...
DNA and RNA codon tables. The standard RNA codon table organized in a wheel. A codon table can be used to translate a genetic code into a sequence of amino acids. [1] [2] The standard genetic code is traditionally represented as an RNA codon table, because when proteins are made in a cell by ribosomes, it is messenger RNA (mRNA) that directs ...
Myeloid tissue. Comprehensive diagram that shows the development of different blood cells from haematopoietic stem cell to mature cells in both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Myeloid tissue, in the bone marrow sense of the word myeloid ( myelo- + -oid ), is tissue of bone marrow, of bone marrow cell lineage, or resembling bone marrow, and ...
The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. [1] [2] [3] During gene expression (the synthesis of RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first copied into RNA.