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Bayer process. The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide) and was developed by Carl Josef Bayer. Bauxite, the most important ore of aluminium, contains only 30–60% aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), the rest being a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide. [ 1]
The Hall–Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium. It involves dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) (obtained most often from bauxite, aluminium 's chief ore, through the Bayer process) in molten cryolite and electrolyzing the molten salt bath, typically in a purpose-built cell. The Hall–Héroult process ...
Carl Josef Bayer (also Karl Bayer, 4 March 1847 – 4 October 1904) was a chemist from Austria-Hungary who invented the Bayer process of extracting alumina from bauxite, essential to this day to the economical production of aluminium . Bayer had been working in Saint Petersburg to develop a method to provide alumina to the textile industry that ...
Aluminium smelting. Straumsvik aluminum smelter, operated by Rio Tinto Alcan in Iceland. Aluminium smelting is the process of extracting aluminium from its oxide, alumina, generally by the Hall-Héroult process. Alumina is extracted from the ore bauxite by means of the Bayer process at an alumina refinery .
The Hall-Héroult process for aluminium production from alumina was invented in 1886 by Charles Hall and Paul Héroult. [17] Carl Josef Bayer created a multi-step process to convert raw Bauxite into alumina in 1888. [18] As aluminium production rose with the use of these two processes, aluminium recycling grew too.
Before invention of the peroxide process, the Bayer ketazine process had been commercialized. In the Bayer process, the oxidation of ammonia by sodium hypochlorite is conducted in the presence of acetone. The process generates the ketazine but also sodium chloride: [1] 2 Me 2 CO + 2 NH 3 + NaOCl → Me 2 C=NN=CMe 2 + 3 H 2 O + NaCl
Baeyer–Villiger oxidation. The Baeyer–Villiger oxidation is an organic reaction that forms an ester from a ketone or a lactone from a cyclic ketone, using peroxyacids or peroxides as the oxidant. [ 1] The reaction is named after Adolf von Baeyer and Victor Villiger who first reported the reaction in 1899. [ 1]
Bayer executive Sebastian Guth told Reuters last March that the drugmaker intended to move away from relying on partners in the U.S. and planned to spend $1 billion on drug research and ...