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Pilot-controlled lighting. Pilot-controlled lighting ( PCL ), also known as aircraft radio control of aerodrome lighting ( ARCAL) or pilot-activated lighting ( PAL ), is a system that allows aircraft pilots to control the lighting of an airport or airfield's approach lights, runway edge lights, and taxiways via radio.
Aviation obstruction lighting. Emley Moor transmitting station using a red warning beacon. Aviation obstruction lighting is used to enhance the visibility of structures or fixed obstacles which may conflict with the safe navigation of aircraft. Obstruction lighting is commonly installed on towers, buildings, and even fences located in areas ...
The certificate is a prerequisite for acting as a flight crew-member in scheduled airline operations. The minimum pilot experience is 1,500 hours of flight time (1200 for Helicopters), 500 hours of cross-country flight time, 100 hours of night flight time, and 75 hours instrument operations time (simulated or actual).
The California Energy Code (also titled Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings ), called simply Title 24 in industry, is the sixth section of the California Building Standards Code. The code was created by the California Building Standards Commission in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to ...
The pilot in command ( PIC) of an aircraft is the person aboard an aircraft who is ultimately responsible for its operation and safety during flight. This would be the captain in a typical two- or three- pilot aircrew, or "pilot" if there is only one certificated and qualified pilot at the controls of an aircraft.
Three different concepts of "night" are referred to in the Federal Aviation Regulations in the US. These include the periods from. one hour after sunset to one hour before sunrise - used for night currency and carrying passengers. These uses of night are listed in order of increasing restrictiveness. The end of evening civil twilight generally ...
An approach lighting system ( ALS) is a lighting system installed on the approach end of an airport runway and consisting of a series of lightbars, strobe lights, or a combination of the two that extends outward from the runway end. [1] ALS usually serves a runway that has an instrument approach procedure (IAP) associated with it and allows the ...
President George W. Bush. Date signed. December 19, 2007. United States Lighting Energy Policy is moving towards increased efficiency in order to lower greenhouse gas emissions and energy use. Lighting efficiency improvements in the United States can be seen through different standards and acts. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 ...