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The problem for graphs is NP-complete if the edge lengths are assumed integers. The problem for points on the plane is NP-complete with the discretized Euclidean metric and rectilinear metric. The problem is known to be NP-hard with the (non-discretized) Euclidean metric. [ 3]: ND22, ND23. Vehicle routing problem.
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
The RTA list of open problems – open problems in rewriting. The TLCA List of Open Problems – open problems in area typed lambda calculus. Categories: Conjectures. Lists of unsolved problems. Unsolved problems in computer science.
Width: 3.8 to 7.6 cm (1.5 to 3 in) The Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, also named the Golenishchev Mathematical Papyrus after its first non-Egyptian owner, Egyptologist Vladimir Golenishchev, is an ancient Egyptian mathematical papyrus containing several problems in arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. Golenishchev bought the papyrus in 1892 or 1893 ...
The following list is meant to serve as a repository for compiling a list of such ideas. The idea of the Pythagoreans that all numbers can be expressed as a ratio of two whole numbers . This was disproved by one of Pythagoras ' own disciples, Hippasus , who showed that the square root of two is what we today call an irrational number .
Four principles. How to Solve It suggests the following steps when solving a mathematical problem : First, you have to understand the problem. [ 2] After understanding, make a plan. [ 3] Carry out the plan. [ 4]
Smale's problems are a list of eighteen unsolved problems in mathematics proposed by Steve Smale in 1998 [1] and republished in 1999. [2] Smale composed this list in reply to a request from Vladimir Arnold , then vice-president of the International Mathematical Union , who asked several mathematicians to propose a list of problems for the 21st ...
Free ( Mozilla Public License) an Office suite; allows to export (and import, with accuracy limitations) PDF files. Microsoft Word 2013. Proprietary. Desktop software. The 2013 edition of Office allows PDF files to be converted into a format that can be edited. Nitro PDF Reader. Trialware.