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  2. Atmosphere of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth

    The atmosphere of Earth is composed of a layer of gas mixture that surrounds the Earth's planetary surface (both lands and oceans ), known collectively as air, with variable quantities of suspended aerosols and particulates (which create weather features such as clouds and hazes ), all retained by Earth's gravity.

  3. U.S. Standard Atmosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Standard_Atmosphere

    The U.S. Standard Atmosphere is a static atmospheric model of how the pressure, temperature, density, and viscosity of the Earth's atmosphere change over a wide range of altitudes or elevations. The model, based on an existing international standard, was first published in 1958 by the U.S. Committee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere, and ...

  4. Atmosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere

    The Moon is visible in the background. An atmosphere (from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós) 'vapour, steam' and σφαῖρα (sphaîra) 'sphere') [1] is a layer of gasses that envelop an astronomical object, held in place by the gravity of the object. A planet retains an atmosphere when the gravity is great and the temperature of the ...

  5. Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth

    Earth has a dynamic atmosphere, which sustains Earth's surface conditions and protects it from most meteoroids and UV-light at entry. It has a composition of primarily nitrogen and oxygen. Water vapor is widely present in the atmosphere, forming clouds that cover most of the planet.

  6. Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_in_Earth's...

    It is one of several greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of Earth. The current global average concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the atmosphere is 421 ppm (0.04%) as of May 2022. [1] This is an increase of 50% since the start of the Industrial Revolution, up from 280 ppm during the 10,000 years prior to the mid-18th century.

  7. Atmospheric temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_temperature

    Atmospheric temperature is a measure of temperature at different levels of the Earth's atmosphere. It is governed by many factors, including incoming solar radiation, humidity, and altitude. The abbreviation MAAT is often used for Mean Annual Air Temperature of a geographical location.

  8. Mauna Loa Observatory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauna_Loa_Observatory

    The Mauna Loa Observatory was founded on June 28th 1956 as part of the US Weather Bureau. It was established on the northern flank of Mauna Loa at 11,134 ft after 1951-1954 efforts were unable to maintain a summit observatory at 13,453 ft. [1] The Mauna Loa Observatory was developed specifically to monitor solar, atmospheric and meteorological ...

  9. Weather - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather

    Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. [ 1] On Earth, most weather phenomena occur in the lowest layer of the planet's atmosphere, the troposphere, [ 2][ 3] just below the stratosphere. Weather refers to day-to-day temperature ...