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  2. Check valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_valve

    A check valve, non-return valve, reflux valve, retention valve, foot valve, or one-way valve is a valve that normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction. [1] Check valves are two-port valves, meaning they have two openings in the body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. There are various ...

  3. Dunning–Kruger effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning–Kruger_effect

    David Dunning Some researchers include a metacognitive component in their definition. In this view, the Dunning–Kruger effect is the thesis that those who are incompetent in a given area tend to be ignorant of their incompetence, i.e., they lack the metacognitive ability to become aware of their incompetence. This definition lends itself to a simple explanation of the effect: incompetence ...

  4. Five stages of grief - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_stages_of_grief

    George Bonanno, Professor of Clinical Psychology at Columbia University, in his book The Other Side of Sadness: What the New Science of Bereavement Tells Us About Life After a Loss, [2] summarizes peer-reviewed research based on thousands of subjects over two decades and concludes that a natural psychological resilience is a principal component ...

  5. Homeostasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis

    t. e. In biology, homeostasis ( British also homoeostasis; / hɒmioʊˈsteɪsɪs, - miə -/) is the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems. [ 1] This is the condition of optimal functioning for the organism and includes many variables, such as body temperature and fluid balance, being kept within ...

  6. Stimulus (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_(psychology)

    In perceptual psychology, a stimulus is an energy change (e.g., light or sound) which is registered by the senses (e.g., vision, hearing, taste, etc.) and constitutes the basis for perception. [ 2] In behavioral psychology (i.e., classical and operant conditioning), a stimulus constitutes the basis for behavior. [ 2]

  7. Medical psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_psychology

    Psychology. Medical psychology or medico-psychology is the application of psychological principles to the practice of medicine, sometimes using drugs for both physical and mental disorders. A medical psychologist must obtain specific qualification in psychopharmacology to prescribe psychiatric medications and other pharmaceutical drugs. [1]

  8. Siphon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphon

    Anti-siphon valves function as a one-direction check valve. Anti-siphon valves are also used medically. Hydrocephalus, or excess fluid in the brain, may be treated with a shunt which drains cerebrospinal fluid from the brain. All shunts have a valve to relieve excess pressure in the brain.

  9. Psychophysiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychophysiology

    Psychophysiology measures exist in multiple domains; reports, electrophysiological studies, studies in neurochemistry, neuroimaging and behavioral methods. [4] Evaluative reports involve participant introspection and self-ratings of internal psychological states or physiological sensations, such as self-report of arousal levels on the self-assessment manikin, [5] or measures of interoceptive ...