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The terminology of r / K-selection was coined by the ecologists Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson in 1967 [2] based on their work on island biogeography; [3] although the concept of the evolution of life history strategies has a longer history [4] (see e.g. plant strategies). The theory was popular in the 1970s and 1980s, when it was used as a ...
Selfishness is the base criteria of all strategic choice from a game theory perspective – strategies not aimed at self-survival and self-replication are not long for any game. Critically however, this situation is impacted by the fact that competition is taking place on multiple levels – i.e. at a genetic, an individual and a group level.
Signalling theory. By stotting (also called pronking), a springbok ( Antidorcas marsupialis) signals honestly to predators that it is young, fit, and not worth chasing. Within evolutionary biology, signalling theory is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species.
Values-based innovation is a theoretical concept and managerial approach that “understands and applies individual, organisational, societal, and global values, and corresponding normative orientations as a basis for innovation”. [1] It demonstrates the potential of values to integrate diverse stakeholders into innovation processes, to ...
The Marginal Value Theorem is an optimality model that describes the strategy that maximizes gain per unit time in systems where resources, and thus rate of returns, decrease with time. [ 2] The model weighs benefits and costs and is used to predict giving up time and giving up density. Giving up time (GUT) is the interval of time between when ...
Punctuated equilibrium in social theory is a conceptual framework for understanding the process of change in complex social systems. The approach studies the evolution of policy change, [ 1] including the evolution of conflicts. [ 2] The theory posits that most social systems exist in an extended period of stasis, which may be punctuated by ...
In the field of molecular modeling, docking is a method which predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to a second when a ligand and a target are bound to each other to form a stable complex. [ 1] Knowledge of the preferred orientation in turn may be used to predict the strength of association or binding affinity between two molecules ...
Fisher's principle is an early example of a model in which genes for greater production of either sex become equalized in the population, because each sex supplies exactly half the genes of all future generations. Fisher's principle is rooted in the concept of frequency-dependent selection, though Fisher's principle is not frequency-dependent ...