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1:12 sloped ramps are the maximum slope allowed by ADA codes and they require handrails. Federal ADA codes indicate that the maximum cross-slope of an accessible route is 1:48, which is slightly more than 2%. However, we have seen some jurisdictions that allow a maximum cross slope of 1:50.
You can calculate the slope percentage by dividing the total elevation gain (rise) by the total horizontal distance (run). You then multiply that number by 100 to give you a percentage. For example, you have a driveway that is 50 feet long and is 4 feet higher at the end than at the beginning.
One percent equals about 3.2 mm (1⁄8 in.); since a penny is about 1.6 mm (1⁄16 in.) thick, it can be used to fine-tune adjustments. It is also critical to remember the slope maximum can be in either direction (i.e. +2.1 or −2.1 percent), which equals 13 mm (1⁄2 in.) of total deflection, up and down.
The angle of a slope can be calculated using the online Slope calculator. Examples of the angle of a slope include such things as the angle of the driveway, the pitch of a roof, the angle of a hill and so on.
For the cross slope of an accessible route the maximum slope allowed is 1:48. The distance from the bottom edge of the level to the surface should be no more than ½ inch (.5:24 = 1:48). The cross slope of an accessible route is the slope that is perpendicular to the direction of pedestrian travel.
No other changes in level other than the running slope (1:12 maximum) and cross slope (1:48 maximum) are permitted. Variations in slope, such as grade breaks within runs, can disrupt wheelchair travel.
As an architect you will need to know how to calculate slopes and gradients in differing situations. The most common occurrence of this is working with ramped access to buildings, groundworks, car parks and so on. Slopes can be measured in angles, percentages and ratios.
Convert slopes pitch between degrees, gradients and grades. Slope or gradient of a line describes the direction and the steepness of a line. Slope can be expressed in angles, gradients or grades.
Calculate the slope of a line through two given points using the slope calculator. Discover the slope formula and learn how to find slope with two points.
A 1:14 slope ratio is also considered a gentle slope and is best suited for residential landscaping projects. A 1:16 slope ratio is considered a moderate slope and is more commonly used in commercial landscaping projects and for accessible parking lots as it is the maximum slope allowed by the ADA.