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The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. [ 1] For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study ...
The design of experiments ( DOE or DOX ), also known as experiment design or experimental design, is the design of any task that aims to describe and explain the variation of information under conditions that are hypothesized to reflect the variation. The term is generally associated with experiments in which the design introduces conditions ...
Archival research lies at the heart of most academic and other forms of original historical research; but it is frequently also undertaken (in conjunction with parallel research methodologies) in other disciplines within the humanities and social sciences, including literary studies, rhetoric, [4] [5] archaeology, sociology, human geography, anthropology, psychology, and organizational studies ...
A research design typically outlines the theories and models underlying a project; the research question (s) of a project; a strategy for gathering data and information; and a strategy for producing answers from the data. [ 1] A strong research design yields valid answers to research questions while weak designs yield unreliable, imprecise or ...
An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of knowledge, taught and researched as part of higher education. A scholar's discipline is commonly defined by the university faculties and learned societies to which they belong and the academic journals in which they publish research . Disciplines vary between well-established ones that ...
Clinical trial. A clinical trial participant receives an injection. Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, and ...
The timeline begins at the Bronze Age, as it is difficult to give even estimates for the timing of events prior to this, such as of the discovery of counting, natural numbers and arithmetic. To avoid overlap with timeline of historic inventions , the timeline does not list examples of documentation for manufactured substances and devices unless ...
A prospective cohort study is a longitudinal cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals ( cohorts) who differ with respect to certain factors under study to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome. [ 1] For example, one might follow a cohort of middle-aged truck drivers who vary in terms of smoking ...