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The tritone substitution is a common chord substitution found in both jazz and classical music. Where jazz is concerned, it was the precursor to more complex substitution patterns like Coltrane changes. Tritone substitutions are sometimes used in improvisation —often to create tension during a solo.
Jazz improvisation is the spontaneous invention of melodic solo lines or accompaniment parts in a performance of jazz music. It is one of the defining elements of jazz. Improvisation is composing on the spot, when a singer or instrumentalist invents melodies and lines over a chord progression played by rhythm section instruments (piano, guitar ...
US ♭ ii – e.g. D ♭ minor over C 7, resulting in C 7 ♭ 9 ♭ 13 US ♭ iii – e.g. E ♭ minor over C 7 , resulting in C 7 ♯ 9 ♯ 11 The second item in the list above (C 7 ♭ 9 ♯ 11 ) has a related version called upper structure sharp four minor --with the written shorthand US ♯ iv --created with an F ♯ minor triad.
The two octatonic scales on C. An octatonic scale is any eight- note musical scale. However, the term most often refers to the ancohemitonic symmetric scale composed of alternating whole and half steps, as shown at right. In classical theory (in contrast to jazz theory ), this symmetrical scale is commonly called the octatonic scale (or the ...
See media help. In the standard Coltrane change cycle the ii–V–I is substituted with a progression of chords that cycle back to the V–I at the end. In a 44 piece, each chord gets two beats per change. Coltrane developed this modified chord progression for "Countdown", which is much more complex.
For instance, in C major, a jazz musician may alter the V chord, G 7 (G–B–D–F), with a flattened fifth, producing the chord G 7 ♭ 5 (G–B–D ♭ –F). An improviser might then choose a scale containing these four notes, such as the G whole tone scale, the G octatonic scale, or a mode of either D or A ♭ melodic minor ascending.
The ii–V–I progression ("two–five–one progression") (occasionally referred to as ii–V–I turnaround, and ii–V–I) is a common cadential chord progression used in a wide variety of music genres, including jazz harmony. It is a succession of chords whose roots descend in fifths from the second degree ( supertonic) to the fifth ...
The jazz minor scale or ascending melodic minor scale is a derivative of the melodic minor scale, except only the ascending form of the scale is used. As the name implies, it is primarily used in jazz [citation needed], although it may be found in other types of music as well. It may be derived from the major scale with a minor third, [ 1 ...