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Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning events and numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1; the larger the probability, the more likely an event is to occur. [note 1] [1] [2] A simple example is the tossing of a fair (unbiased) coin.
The Law School Admission Test (LSAT / ˈ ɛ l s æ t / EL-sat) is a standardized test administered by the Law School Admission Council (LSAC) for prospective law school candidates. It is designed to assess reading comprehension , analytical reasoning , and logical reasoning . [5]
Law of averages. The law of averages is the commonly held belief that a particular outcome or event will, over certain periods of time, occur at a frequency that is similar to its probability. [1] [2] Depending on context or application it can be considered a valid common-sense observation or a misunderstanding of probability.
Law of total expectation. The proposition in probability theory known as the law of total expectation, [1] the law of iterated expectations [2] ( LIE ), Adam's law, [3] the tower rule, [4] and the smoothing theorem, [5] among other names, states that if is a random variable whose expected value is defined, and is any random variable on the same ...
The probability of an event is the ratio of the number of cases favorable to it, to the number of all cases possible when nothing leads us to expect that any one of these cases should occur more than any other, which renders them, for us, equally possible. This definition is essentially a consequence of the principle of indifference.
University of Akron School of Law. 3.0 first year, 3.1 upper years. [2] University of Alabama School of Law. 3.20 [3] Albany Law School. 3.0 [4] American University Washington College of Law. No mandatory curve; 3.1 to 3.3 mean for 1L courses, except First-Year Rhetoric. 3.25 to 3.45 mean for most upper-level courses.
The law of total probability is [1] a theorem that states, in its discrete case, if is a finite or countably infinite set of mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive events, then for any event : or, alternatively, [1] where, for any , if , then these terms are simply omitted from the summation since is finite.
Probability theory. Probability theory or probability calculus is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability. Although there are several different probability interpretations, probability theory treats the concept in a rigorous mathematical manner by expressing it through a set of axioms. Typically these axioms formalise probability ...
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