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A pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS), pseudorandom binary code or pseudorandom bitstream is a binary sequence that, while generated with a deterministic algorithm, is difficult to predict [1] and exhibits statistical behavior similar to a truly random sequence. PRBS generators are used in telecommunication, such as in analog-to-information ...
A pseudorandom number generator ( PRNG ), also known as a deterministic random bit generator ( DRBG ), [1] is an algorithm for generating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate the properties of sequences of random numbers. The PRNG-generated sequence is not truly random, because it is completely determined by an initial value ...
Dice are an example of a mechanical hardware random number generator. When a cubical die is rolled, a random number from 1 to 6 is obtained. Random number generation is a process by which, often by means of a random number generator (RNG), a sequence of numbers or symbols that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by random chance is generated.
However, generally they are considerably slower (typically by a factor 2–10) than fast, non-cryptographic random number generators. These include: Stream ciphers. Popular choices are Salsa20 or ChaCha (often with the number of rounds reduced to 8 for speed), ISAAC, HC-128 and RC4. Block ciphers in counter mode.
The Fisher–Yates shuffle is an algorithm for shuffling a finite sequence. The algorithm takes a list of all the elements of the sequence, and continually determines the next element in the shuffled sequence by randomly drawing an element from the list until no elements remain. [1] The algorithm produces an unbiased permutation: every ...
Xorshift random number generators, also called shift-register generators, are a class of pseudorandom number generators that were invented by George Marsaglia. [1] They are a subset of linear-feedback shift registers (LFSRs) which allow a particularly efficient implementation in software without the excessive use of sparse polynomials. [2]
Wichmann–Hill is a pseudorandom number generator proposed in 1982 by Brian Wichmann and David Hill. [1] It consists of three linear congruential generators with different prime moduli, each of which is used to produce a uniformly distributed number between 0 and 1. These are summed, modulo 1, to produce the result. [2]
That is, given the first k bits of a random sequence, there is no polynomial-time algorithm that can predict the (k+1)th bit with probability of success non-negligibly better than 50%. Andrew Yao proved in 1982 that a generator passing the next-bit test will pass all other polynomial-time statistical tests for randomness.