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Users. 30 million (as of 2024) G2A.COM Limited (commonly referred to as G2A) is a digital marketplace headquartered in the Netherlands, [ 1][ 2] with offices in Poland and Hong Kong. [ 3][ 4] The site operates in the resale of gaming offers and others digital items by the use of redemption keys. G2A.COM’s main offerings are game key codes for ...
An X-ray microscope uses electromagnetic radiation in the soft X-ray band to produce images of very small objects. Unlike visible light, X-rays do not reflect or refract easily, and they are invisible to the human eye. Therefore, the basic process of an X-ray microscope is to expose film or use a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector to detect X ...
Grazing incidence diffraction geometry. The angle of incidence, α, is close to the critical angle for the sample. The beam is diffracted in the plane of the surface of the sample by the angle 2θ, and often also out of the plane. Grazing incidence diffraction ( GID) is a technique for interrogating a material using small incidence angles for ...
X-ray emission spectroscopy. X-ray emission spectroscopy ( XES) is a form of X-ray spectroscopy in which a core electron is excited by an incident x-ray photon and then this excited state decays by emitting an x-ray photon to fill the core hole. The energy of the emitted photon is the energy difference between the involved electronic levels.
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X-ray laser. An X-ray laser can be created by several methods either in hot, dense plasmas or as a free-electron laser in an accelerator. This article describes the x-ray lasers in plasmas, only. The plasma x-ray lasers rely on stimulated emission to generate or amplify coherent, directional, high-brightness electromagnetic radiation in the ...
X-ray lithography is a process used in semiconductor device fabrication industry to selectively remove parts of a thin film of photoresist. It uses X-rays to transfer a geometric pattern from a mask to a light-sensitive chemical photoresist , or simply "resist," on the substrate to reach extremely small topological size of a feature.
An X-ray image intensifier (XRII) is an image intensifier that converts X-rays into visible light at higher intensity than the more traditional fluorescent screens can. Such intensifiers are used in X-ray imaging systems (such as fluoroscopes ) to allow low-intensity X-rays to be converted to a conveniently bright visible light output.