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2. Exponential decay - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_decay

   Exponential decay. A quantity undergoing exponential decay. Larger decay constants make the quantity vanish much more rapidly. This plot shows decay for decay constant ( λ) of 25, 5, 1, 1/5, and 1/25 for x from 0 to 5. A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value.

3. List of fractals by Hausdorff dimension - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fractals_by...

   According to Benoit Mandelbrot, "A fractal is by definition a set for which the Hausdorff-Besicovitch dimension strictly exceeds the topological dimension ." [1] Presented here is a list of fractals, ordered by increasing Hausdorff dimension, to illustrate what it means for a fractal to have a low or a high dimension.

4. Fractional calculus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_calculus

   t. e. Fractional calculus is a branch of mathematical analysis that studies the several different possibilities of defining real number powers or complex number powers of the differentiation operator. and of the integration operator [Note 1] and developing a calculus for such operators generalizing the classical one.

5. Random walk - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_walk

   An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line which starts at 0, and at each step moves +1 or −1 with equal probability. Other examples include the path traced by a molecule as it travels in a liquid or a gas (see Brownian motion ), the search path of a foraging animal, or the price of a fluctuating ...

6. Knapsack problem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knapsack_problem

   The most common problem being solved is the 0-1 knapsack problem, which restricts the number of copies of each kind of item to zero or one. Given a set of items numbered from 1 up to , each with a weight and a value , along with a maximum weight capacity , subject to and . Here represents the number of instances of item to include in the knapsack.

7. Fixed-point arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point_arithmetic

   Fixed-point arithmetic. In computing, fixed-point is a method of representing fractional (non-integer) numbers by storing a fixed number of digits of their fractional part. Dollar amounts, for example, are often stored with exactly two fractional digits, representing the cents (1/100 of dollar). More generally, the term may refer to ...

8. Flory–Huggins solution theory - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flory–Huggins_solution...

   Flory–Huggins solution theory. Flory–Huggins solution theory is a lattice model of the thermodynamics of polymer solutions which takes account of the great dissimilarity in molecular sizes in adapting the usual expression for the entropy of mixing. The result is an equation for the Gibbs free energy change for mixing a polymer with a solvent.

9. Scale (ratio) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(ratio)

   Examples include a 3-dimensional scale model of a building or the scale drawings of the elevations or plans of a building. In such cases the scale is dimensionless and exact throughout the model or drawing. The scale can be expressed in four ways: in words (a lexical scale), as a ratio, as a fraction and as a graphical (bar) scale.