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In the United States, affirmative action consists of government-mandated, government-approved, and voluntary private programs granting special consideration to groups considered or classified as historically excluded, specifically racial minorities and women. [ 1][ 2] These programs tend to focus on access to education and employment in order ...
t. e. Action research is a philosophy and methodology of research generally applied in the social sciences. It seeks transformative change through the simultaneous process of taking action and doing research, which are linked together by critical reflection. Kurt Lewin, then a professor at MIT, first coined the term "action research" in 1944.
SMART criteria. A variant of the SMART model. S.M.A.R.T. (or SMART) is an acronym used as a mnemonic device to establish criteria for effective goal-setting and objective development. This framework is commonly applied in various fields, including project management, employee performance management, and personal development.
The Program for Leadership Development, an Executive-MBA alternative is a seven month residential program for accelerating the careers of high-potential leaders and emerging executives. The Owner/President Management Program, three three-week "units" spread over two years that is marketed to "business owners and entrepreneurs". [31] [32]
Management by objectives (MBO), also known as management by planning (MBP), was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book The Practice of Management. [1] Management by objectives is the process of defining specific objectives within an organization that management can convey to organization members, then deciding how to achieve each objective in sequence.
The School and university projects page collects information about Wikipedia projects for school and university classes, including an archive of many past class projects. Lists of current classes (and other programs) using Wikipedia can be found at dashboard.wikiedu.org and outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org, as well as below at current projects .
v. t. e. A business plan is a formal written document containing the goals of a business, the methods for attaining those goals, and the time-frame for the achievement of the goals. It also describes the nature of the business, background information on the organization, the organization's financial projections, and the strategies it intends to ...
Some European Union directives describe action plans in order to reach a defined target in air quality or noise reduction. If the target cannot be reached by a member state, the member needs to write a report. Sometimes action plans contain deadlines by which the plan must be ready to start the action(s) and the targets are to be reached.