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Second-order approximation is the term scientists use for a decent-quality answer. Few simplifying assumptions are made, and when a number is needed, an answer with two or more significant figures ("the town has 3.9 × 10 3, or thirty-nine hundred, residents") is generally given.
Effects-based operations. Effects-based operations ( EBO) is a United States military concept that emerged during the Persian Gulf War for the planning and conduct of operations combining military and non-military methods to achieve a particular effect. [ 1] An effects-based approach to operations was first applied in modern times in the design ...
There are three orders of effect that come with the cultivation theory. The first order effects describe how people's behavior changes when exposed to mass media. The second order effect encompasses the viewers' values and attitudes depending on what they are watching. The third order effect is the change in the viewer's observation behavior. [16]
The fraternal birth order effect has been described by one of its proponents as "the most consistent biodemographic correlate of sexual orientation in men". [5] In 1958, it was reported that homosexual men tend to have a greater number of older siblings (i.e., a 'later/higher birth order') than comparable heterosexual men and in 1962, these findings were published in detail. [6]
Second-order logic. In logic and mathematics, second-order logic is an extension of first-order logic, which itself is an extension of propositional logic. [ 1] Second-order logic is in turn extended by higher-order logic and type theory . First-order logic quantifies only variables that range over individuals (elements of the domain of ...
The first nonlinear optical effect to be predicted was two-photon absorption, by Maria Goeppert Mayer for her PhD in 1931, but it remained an unexplored theoretical curiosity until 1961 and the almost simultaneous observation of two-photon absorption at Bell Labs [4] and the discovery of second-harmonic generation by Peter Franken et al. at University of Michigan, both shortly after the ...
For example, intermodulation distortion from the third order (IMD3) of a circuit can be seen by looking at a signal that is made up of two sine waves, one at and one at . When you cube the sum of these sine waves you will get sine waves at various frequencies including 2 × f 2 − f 1 {\displaystyle 2\times f_{2}-f_{1}} and 2 × f 1 − f 2 ...
A simple example of a Butterworth filter is the third-order low-pass design shown in the figure on the right, with = 4/3 F, = 1 Ω, = 3/2 H, and = 1/2 H. [3] Taking the impedance of the capacitors to be / and the impedance of the inductors to be , where = + is the complex frequency, the circuit equations yield the transfer function for this device: