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For example, a four-bit counter can have a modulus of up to 16 (2^4). Counters are generally classified as either synchronous or asynchronous. In synchronous counters, all flip-flops share a common clock and change state at the same time. In asynchronous counters, each flip-flop has a unique clock, and the flip-flop states change at different ...
In the worst case, depending on timing, the metastable condition at D s can propagate to D out and through the following logic into more of the system, causing undefined and inconsistent behavior. In electronics, metastability is the ability of a digital electronic system to persist for an unbounded time in an unstable equilibrium or metastable ...
In computing, a linear-feedback shift register ( LFSR) is a shift register whose input bit is a linear function of its previous state. The most commonly used linear function of single bits is exclusive-or (XOR). Thus, an LFSR is most often a shift register whose input bit is driven by the XOR of some bits of the overall shift register value.
Asynchronous circuit ( clockless or self-timed circuit) [1] : Lecture 12 [note 1] [2] : 157–186 is a sequential digital logic circuit that does not use a global clock circuit or signal generator to synchronize its components. [1] [3] : 3–5 Instead, the components are driven by a handshaking circuit which indicates a completion of a set of ...
Concurrent computing. Concurrent computing is a form of computing in which several computations are executed concurrently —during overlapping time periods—instead of sequentially— with one completing before the next starts. This is a property of a system—whether a program, computer, or a network —where there is a separate execution ...
Synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) significantly revises the asynchronous memory interface, adding a clock (and a clock enable) line. All other signals are received on the rising edge of the clock. The RAS and CAS inputs no longer act as strobes, but are instead, along with WE , part of a 3-bit command controlled by a new active-low strobe, chip ...
The synchronous signalling methods use two different signals. A pulse on one signal indicates when another bit of information is ready on the other signal. The asynchronous signalling methods use only one signal. The receiver uses transitions on that signal to figure out the transmitter bit rate ("autobaud") and timing, and set a local clock to ...
A frequency divider, also called a clock divider or scaler or prescaler, is a circuit that takes an input signal of a frequency, , and generates an output signal of a frequency: where is an integer. Phase-locked loop frequency synthesizers make use of frequency dividers to generate a frequency that is a multiple of a reference frequency.