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The original Demographic Transition model has just four stages, but additional stages have been proposed. Both more-fertile and less-fertile futures have been claimed as a Stage Five. Some countries have sub-replacement fertility (that is, below 2.1–2.2 children per woman).
The Shannon–Weaver model is one of the earliest and most influential models of communication. [2] [3] [4] It was initially published by Claude Shannon in his 1948 paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication". [5] The model was further developed together with Warren Weaver in their co-authored 1949 book The Mathematical Theory of Communication.
Moral affect is “emotion related to matters of right and wrong”. Such emotion includes shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride; shame is correlated with the disapproval by one's peers, guilt is correlated with the disapproval of oneself, embarrassment is feeling disgraced while in the public eye, and pride is a feeling generally brought about by a positive opinion of oneself when admired by ...
The average age of a girl's first period is 12 to 13 (12.5 years in the United States, [6] 12.72 in Canada, [7] 12.9 in the UK [8]) but, in postmenarchal girls, about 80% of the cycles are anovulatory in the first year after menarche, which declines to 50% in the third year, and to 10% by the sixth. [9]
Social emotional development represents a specific domain of child development.It is a gradual, integrative process through which children acquire the capacity to understand, experience, express, and manage emotions and to develop meaningful relationships with others. [1]
His theory posits that this ability is not present in children during the preoperational stage of their development at ages 2–7 but develops in the concrete operational stage from ages 7–11. [1] [2] Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor, Michigan, c. 1968
Learning about child development involves studying patterns of growth and development, from which guidelines for 'normal' development are construed. Developmental norms are sometimes called milestones – they define the recognized development pattern that children are expected to follow.
Robert Selman developed his developmental theory of role-taking ability based on four sources. [4] The first is the work of M. H. Feffer (1959, 1971), [5] [6] and Feffer and Gourevitch (1960), [7] which related role-taking ability to Piaget's theory of social decentering, and developed a projective test to assess children's ability to decenter as they mature. [4]