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Translation. The polysystem theory, a theory in translation studies, implies using polyvalent factors as an instrument for explaining the complexity of culture within a single community and between communities. Analyzing sets of relations in literature and language, it gradually shifted towards a more complex analysis of socio-cultural systems.
Skopos theory (German: Skopostheorie) is a theory in the field of translation studies that employs the prime principle of a purposeful action that determines a translation strategy. [ 1 ] The intentionality of a translational action stated in a translation brief, the directives, and the rules guide a translator to attain the expected target ...
Literal translation. Not to be confused with literary translation or loan translation. Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is a translation of a text done by translating each word separately without looking at how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. [ 1 ]
The English word "translation" derives from the Latin word translatio, [6] which comes from trans, "across" + ferre, "to carry" or "to bring" (-latio in turn coming from latus, the past participle of ferre). Thus translatio is "a carrying across" or "a bringing across"—in this case, of a text from one language to another. [7]
v. t. e. Domestication and foreignization are strategies in translation, regarding the degree to which translators make a text conform to the target culture (the culture corresponding to the language in which the translation is made). Domestication is the strategy of making text closely conform to the culture of the language being translated to ...
Kural translations by language. v. t. e. Machine translation is use of computational techniques to translate text or speech from one language to another, including the contextual, idiomatic and pragmatic nuances of both languages. Early approaches were mostly rule-based or statistical.
Glossary of literary terms. This glossary of literary terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in the discussion, classification, analysis, and criticism of all types of literature, such as poetry, novels, and picture books, as well as of grammar, syntax, and language techniques.
Intertextuality. Intertextuality is the shaping of a text's meaning by another text, either through deliberate compositional strategies such as quotation, allusion, calque, plagiarism, translation, pastiche or parody, [1][2][3][4][5] or by interconnections between similar or related works perceived by an audience or reader of the text. [6]