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Electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of electromagnetic radiation, organized by frequency or wavelength. The spectrum is divided into separate bands, with different names for the electromagnetic waves within each band. From low to high frequency these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light ...
Each has an energy related to the frequency of the wave given by Planck's relation E = hf, where E is the energy of the photon, h is the Planck constant, 6.626 × 10 −34 J·s, and f is the frequency of the wave. In a medium (other than vacuum), velocity factor or refractive index are considered, depending on frequency and application. Both of ...
The visible spectrum is the band of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light (or simply light). The optical spectrum is sometimes considered to be the same as the visible spectrum, but some authors define the term more broadly, to include the ...
Word counting is an ancient field, with known discussion back to Hellenistic time. In 1944, Edward Thorndike, Irvin Lorge and colleagues hand-counted 18,000,000 running words to provide the first large-scale English language frequency list, before modern computers made such projects far easier (Nation 1997). 20th century's works all suffer from their age.
First as sounded (more common), then as fingered (easier to sightread). In physics, acoustics, and telecommunications, a harmonic is a sinusoidal wave with a frequency that is a positive integer multiple of the fundamental frequency of a periodic signal. The fundamental frequency is also called the 1st harmonic; the other harmonics are known as ...
Scale (music) In music theory, a scale is "any consecutive series of notes that form a progression between one note and its octave ", typically by order of pitch or fundamental frequency. [1] [2] The word "scale" originates from the Latin scala, which literally means "ladder". Therefore, any scale is distinguishable by its "step-pattern", or ...
The radio spectrum is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum with frequencies from 3 Hz to 3,000 GHz (3 THz ). Electromagnetic waves in this frequency range, called radio waves, are widely used in modern technology, particularly in telecommunication. To prevent interference between different users, the generation and transmission of radio ...
From January 2008 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Charles T. Munger joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a 19.6 percent return on your investment, compared to a -2.8 percent return from the S&P 500.