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Pathogenic bacteria. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (small red dots) in pus from a man with a urethral discharge ( Gram stain) Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. [1] This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless and are often beneficial but others can cause infectious ...
The genes in bacterial genomes are usually a single continuous stretch of DNA. Although several different types of introns do exist in bacteria, these are much rarer than in eukaryotes. [131] Bacteria, as asexual organisms, inherit an identical copy of the parent's genome and are clonal.
Microbial toxins are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, dinoflagellates, and viruses. Many microbial toxins promote infection and disease by directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system. Endotoxins most commonly refer to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipooligosaccharide (LOS) that are ...
Salmonella enterica subsp. salamae. Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped (bacillus) gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The two known species of Salmonella are Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. S. enterica is the type species and is further divided into six subspecies [ 2][ 3] that include over 2,650 serotypes. [ 4]
Graphic depicting the human skin microbiota, with relative prevalences of various classes of bacteria. The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, [1] including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung ...
e. A microorganism, or microbe, [ a] is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells . The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India.
Bloodstream infections ( BSIs) are infections of blood caused by blood-borne pathogens. [ 1] The detection of microbes in the blood (most commonly accomplished by blood cultures [ 2]) is always abnormal. A bloodstream infection is different from sepsis, which is characterized by severe inflammatory or immune responses of the host organism to ...
Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of animals. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota. [ 3 ][ 4 ] The gut is the main location of the human microbiome. [ 5 ]