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Luhn algorithm. The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the " modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple check digit formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers. It is described in US patent 2950048A, granted on 23 August 1960. [ 1]
An electronic counter is a sequential logic circuit that has a clock input signal and a group of output signals that represent an integer "counts" value. Upon each qualified clock edge, the circuit will increment (or decrement, depending on circuit design) the counts. When the counts have reached the end of the counting sequence (maximum counts ...
Frequency divider. A frequency divider, also called a clock divider or scaler or prescaler, is a circuit that takes an input signal of a frequency, , and generates an output signal of a frequency: where is an integer. Phase-locked loop frequency synthesizers make use of frequency dividers to generate a frequency that is a multiple of a ...
modulo 10 counter, preload and clear inputs 16 MC74416 [8]: 50 74S416 1 4-bit bidirectional bus transceiver, non-inverting (equivalent to Intel 8216) three-state 16 UCY74S416: 74x417 2 modulo 2 and modulo 5 counters, common preload and clear inputs 16 MC74417: 74418 1 modulo 16 counter, preload and clear inputs 16 MC74418 [8]: 51 74F418 1
In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation. Given two positive numbers a and n , a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n ) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n , where a is the dividend and n is the divisor .
In computing, a linear-feedback shift register ( LFSR) is a shift register whose input bit is a linear function of its previous state. The most commonly used linear function of single bits is exclusive-or (XOR). Thus, an LFSR is most often a shift register whose input bit is driven by the XOR of some bits of the overall shift register value.
Dual-modulus prescaler. A dual modulus prescaler is an electronic circuit used in high- frequency synthesizer designs to overcome the problem of generating narrowly spaced frequencies that are nevertheless too high to be passed directly through the feedback loop of the system. The modulus of a prescaler is its frequency divisor.
A comparator to perform the function s(xi − x) by comparing the DAC's voltage with the input voltage. A register to store the output of the comparator and apply xi−1 − s(xi−1 − x)/2i. Operation of successive-approximation ADC as input voltage falls from 5 to 0 V. Iterations on the x axis. Approximation value on the y axis.