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Structured programming. Structured programming is a programming paradigm aimed at improving the clarity, quality, and development time of a computer program by making extensive use of the structured control flow constructs of selection ( if/then/else) and repetition ( while and for ), block structures, and subroutines .
Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals. [1]
Template method pattern. In object-oriented programming, the template method is one of the behavioral design patterns identified by Gamma et al. [ 1] in the book Design Patterns. The template method is a method in a superclass, usually an abstract superclass, and defines the skeleton of an operation in terms of a number of high-level steps.
Computer science. Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, and information theory) to applied disciplines (including the design and implementation of hardware and software ). [ 4][ 5][ 6] Algorithms and data ...
Information retrieval ( IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing.
Object-oriented programming ( OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, [ 1] which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties ), and code in the form of procedures (often known as methods ).
An array is stored such that the position of each element can be computed from its index tuple by a mathematical formula. [ 1][ 2][ 3] The simplest type of data structure is a linear array, also called one-dimensional array. For example, an array of ten 32-bit (4-byte) integer variables, with indices 0 through 9, may be stored as ten words at ...
The prototype pattern is a creational design pattern in software development. It is used when the types of objects to create is determined by a prototypical instance, which is cloned to produce new objects. This pattern is used to avoid subclasses of an object creator in the client application, like the factory method pattern does, and to avoid ...