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Jazz improvisation is the spontaneous invention of melodic solo lines or accompaniment parts in a performance of jazz music. It is one of the defining elements of jazz. Improvisation is composing on the spot, when a singer or instrumentalist invents melodies and lines over a chord progression played by rhythm section instruments (piano, guitar ...
Turnaround (music) In jazz, a turnaround is a passage at the end of a section which leads to the next section. This next section is most often the repetition of the previous section or the entire piece or song. [ 1 ] The turnaround may lead back to this section either harmonically, as a chord progression, or melodically.
Improvisation is often done within (or based on) a pre-existing harmonic framework or chord progression. Improvisation is a major part of some types of 20th-century music, such as blues, rock music, jazz, and jazz fusion, in which instrumental performers improvise solos, melody lines and accompaniment parts.
Coltrane continued his explorations on the 1960 album Giant Steps and expanded on the substitution cycle in his compositions " Giant Steps " and " Countdown ", the latter of which is a reharmonized version of Eddie Vinson 's " Tune Up ". The Coltrane changes are a standard advanced harmonic substitution used in jazz improvisation.
The tritone substitution is a common chord substitution found in both jazz and classical music. Where jazz is concerned, it was the precursor to more complex substitution patterns like Coltrane changes. Tritone substitutions are sometimes used in improvisation —often to create tension during a solo. Though examples of the tritone substitution, known in the classical world as an augmented ...
By repeating open-string notes and by having uniform intervals between strings, major-thirds tuning simplifies learning by beginners. These features also facilitate advanced guitarists' improvisation, [2][3] precisely the aim of jazz guitarist Ralph Patt when he began popularizing major-thirds tuning between 1963 and 1964.
Common jazz parlance refers to upper structures by way of the interval between the root of the bottom chord and the root of the triad juxtaposed above it. [2] For instance, in example one above (C 7♯9) the triad of E ♭ major is a (compound) minor 3rd away from C (root of the bottom chord). Thus, this upper structure can be called upper ...
This pattern, "one of the most common vehicles for improvisation," [ 2 ] forms the basis of countless (usually uptempo) jazz compositions and was popular with swing -era and bebop musicians. For example, it is the basis of Duke Ellington 's " Cotton Tail " [ 3 ] as well as Charlie Christian 's "Seven Come Eleven," [ 4 ] Dizzy Gillespie 's " Salt Peanuts," [ 4 ] and Thelonious Monk 's " Rhythm ...