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Glossary of mathematical symbols. A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various ...
projection. A projection is, roughly, a map from some space or object to another that omits some information on the object or space. For example, R 2 → R , ( x , y ) ↦ x {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^ {2}\to \mathbb {R} , (x,y)\mapsto x} is a projection and its restriction to a graph of a function, say, is also a projection.
propositional logic, Boolean algebra, first-order logic. ⊥ {\displaystyle \bot } denotes a proposition that is always false. The symbol ⊥ may also refer to perpendicular lines. The proposition. ⊥ ∧ P {\displaystyle \bot \wedge P} is always false since at least one of the two is unconditionally false. ∀.
The plus sign ( +) and the minus sign ( −) are mathematical symbols used to denote positive and negative functions, respectively. In addition, + represents the operation of addition, which results in a sum, while − represents subtraction, resulting in a difference. [ 1 ] Their use has been extended to many other meanings, more or less ...
The word mathematics comes from Ancient Greek máthēma (μάθημα), meaning "that which is learnt", [7] "what one gets to know", hence also "study" and "science". The word came to have the narrower and more technical meaning of "mathematical study" even in Classical times.
Plus–minus sign. The plus–minus sign or plus-or-minus sign, ±, is a symbol with multiple meanings. In mathematics, it generally indicates a choice of exactly two possible values, one of which is obtained through addition and the other through subtraction. In statistics and experimental sciences, the sign commonly indicates the confidence ...
Algebraic notationis the standard method for recording and describing the moves in a game of chess. It is based on a system of coordinatesto uniquely identify each square on the board.[1] It is now almost universally used by books, magazines, newspapers and software, and is the only form of notation recognized by FIDE, the international chess ...
The following table lists many specialized symbolscommonly used in modern mathematics, ordered by their introduction date. The table can also be ordered alphabetically by clicking on the relevant header title. Symbol. Name. Date of earliest use. First author to use.