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Tunnel construction is a subset of underground construction . There are three basic types of tunnel construction in common use: Cut-and-cover tunnel, constructed in a shallow trench and then covered over. Bored tunnel, constructed in situ, without removing the ground above. They are usually of circular or horseshoe cross-section.
New Austrian tunneling method The New Austrian tunneling method ( NATM ), also known as the sequential excavation method ( SEM) or sprayed concrete lining method [1] ( SCL ), is a method of modern tunnel design and construction employing sophisticated monitoring to optimize various wall reinforcement techniques based on the type of rock encountered as tunneling progresses. This technique first ...
Microtunneling or microtunnelling is a tunnel construction technique used to construct utility tunnels from approximately 0.5–4 m (1 ft 8 in – 13 ft 1 in) in diameter. Because of their small diameter, it is not possible to have an operator driving the tunneling machine, so they have to be remotely operated. [1] Microtunnel boring machines ...
A tunnel boring machine ( TBM ), also known as a "mole" or a "worm", is a machine used to excavate tunnels. Tunnels are excavated through hard rock, wet or dry soil, or sand, each of which requires specialized technology. Tunnel boring machines are an alternative to drilling and blasting (D&B) methods and "hand mining".
The Analysis of Controlled Deformation in Rocks and Soils, translated from Italian A nalisi delle De formazioni Co ntrollate nelle R occe e nei S uoli (ADECO-RS), also known as The New Italian Tunneling Method (NITM), [1] is a modern tunnel design and construction approach. ADECO-RS was proposed by Pietro Lunardi in the 1980s on the basis of long in-depth research into the stress-strain ...
A tunnelling shield is a protective structure used during the excavation of large, human-made tunnels. When excavating through ground that is soft, liquid, or otherwise unstable, there is a potential health and safety hazard to workers and the project itself from falling materials or a cave-in. A tunnelling shield can be used as a temporary ...
Width. 11.77 metres (38.6 ft) (internal) Dublin Tunnel Construction, 2004. The Dublin Tunnel ( Irish: Tollán Bhaile Átha Cliath ), originally and still commonly known as the Port Tunnel, is a road traffic tunnel in Dublin, Ireland, that forms part of the M50 motorway . The twin tunnels form a two-lane dual carriageway connecting Dublin Port ...
Hobby tunneling. Hobby tunneling is tunnel construction as a pastime. [1] [2] Usually, hobby tunnelers dig their tunnels by hand, using little equipment, and some can spend years or even decades to achieve any degree of completion. [2] In some cases tunnels have been dug secretly, and only discovered by chance.