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In probability theory, a probability density function ( PDF ), density function, or density of an absolutely continuous random variable, is a function whose value at any given sample (or point) in the sample space (the set of possible values taken by the random variable) can be interpreted as providing a relative likelihood that the value of ...
The softmax function, also known as softargmax[ 1]: 184 or normalized exponential function, [ 2]: 198 converts a vector of K real numbers into a probability distribution of K possible outcomes. It is a generalization of the logistic function to multiple dimensions, and used in multinomial logistic regression. The softmax function is often used ...
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...
Indicator function. A three-dimensional plot of an indicator function, shown over a square two-dimensional domain (set X ): the "raised" portion overlays those two-dimensional points which are members of the "indicated" subset ( A ). In mathematics, an indicator function or a characteristic function of a subset of a set is a function that maps ...
Definition. The cumulative distribution function of a real-valued random variable is the function given by [ 2]: p. 77. (Eq.1) where the right-hand side represents the probability that the random variable takes on a value less than or equal to . The probability that lies in the semi-closed interval , where , is therefore [ 2]: p. 84.
Ceiling function. In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor (x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the smallest integer greater than or equal to x, denoted ⌈x⌉ or ceil (x). [ 1]
t. e. Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
In mathematics, a function from a set X to a set Y assigns to each element of X exactly one element of Y. [ 1] The set X is called the domain of the function [ 2] and the set Y is called the codomain of the function. [ 3] Functions were originally the idealization of how a varying quantity depends on another quantity.