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The culture of the Philippines is characterized by cultural and ethnic diversity. Although the multiple ethnic groups of the Philippine archipelago have only recently established a shared Filipino national identity, their cultures were all shaped by the geography and history of the region, and by centuries of interaction with neighboring cultures, and colonial powers.
Politika ng Pilipinas. Politics in the Philippines are governed by a three-branch system of government. The country is a democracy, with a president who is directly elected by the people and serves as both the head of state and the head of government. The president serves as the leader of the executive branch and is a powerful political figure.
The pre-existing elite was entrenched within the new political system, and the dominant Nacionalista Party steadily gained more control over its institutions. In 1935 the autonomous Commonwealth of the Philippines was established, giving the Philippines its own constitution and a powerful President.
Filipino nationalism. The Aguinaldo Shrine built in 1845 is where Philippine independence from Spain was declared on June 12, 1898. Filipino nationalism refers to the establishment and support of a political identity associated with the modern nation-state of the Philippines, leading to a wide-ranging campaign for political, social, and ...
Padrino system. The padrino system, or patronage in Filipino culture and politics, is the value system where one gains favor, promotion, or political appointment through family affiliation ( nepotism) or friendship ( cronyism ), as opposed to one's merit. The system traces its origins to the Spanish colonial period where Filipinos were forced ...
Filipinologists. Experts on Filipinology or Philippineology are called filipinologists or philippineologists (Spanish: Filipinologista) (Tagalog: Pilipinolohista ); literally “experts in Philippine culture”. According to Rosa M. Vallejo the "foremost non-Filipino filipinologist" is the Spaniard bibliographer Wenceslao Emilio Retana y Gamboa.
Political families, labeled as "political dynasties" in the Philippines, usually have a strong, consolidated support base concentrated around the province in which they are dominant. Members of such dynasties usually do not limit their involvement to political activities, and may participate in business or cultural activities.
Ancestral lands are referred to in the Philippines Constitution. Article XII, Section 5 says: "The State, subject to the provisions of this Constitution and national development policies and programs, shall protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social, and cultural well-being."