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Maker-checker. Maker-checker (or Maker and Checker or 4-Eyes) is one of the central principles of authorization in the information systems of financial organizations. The principle of maker and checker means that for each transaction, there must be at least two individuals necessary for its completion. While one individual may create a ...
Rothbard, Murray N., History of Money and Banking in the United States.Full text (510 pages) in pdf format, A libertarian interpretation; Schweikart, Larry, ed. Banking and Finance to 1913 (1990), an encyclopedia with short articles by experts Schweikart, Larry, ed. Banking and Finance, 1913-1989 (1990), an encyclopedia with short articles by ...
The history of banking began with the first prototype banks, that is, the merchants of the world, who gave grain loans to farmers and traders who carried goods between cities. This was around 2000 BC in Assyria, India and Sumer. Later, in ancient Greece and during the Roman Empire, lenders based in temples gave loans, while accepting deposits ...
An automated teller machine ( ATM) is an electronic telecommunications device that enables customers of financial institutions to perform financial transactions, such as cash withdrawals, deposits, funds transfers, balance inquiries or account information inquiries, at any time and without the need for direct interaction with bank staff.
BAI, or the BAI file format, is a file format for performing electronic cash management balance reporting. The BAI format was developed and previously maintained by the Bank Administration Institute (BAI). [ 1] One common application of the BAI format is for use by banks to transmit returned item data to customers (for example, checks which ...
With the creation of the Bank of England in 1694, which acquired the responsibility to print notes and back them with gold, the idea of monetary policy as independent of executive action began to be established. [ 2] The goal of monetary policy was to maintain the value of the coinage, print notes which would trade at par to specie, and prevent ...
A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart [ 4][ 5] that illustrates a project schedule. [ 6] This chart lists the tasks to be performed on the vertical axis, and time intervals on the horizontal axis. [ 4][ 7] The width of the horizontal bars in the graph shows the duration of each activity. [ 7][ 8] Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish ...
BCBS 239 is the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision 's standard number 239. The subject title of the standard is: "Principles for effective risk data aggregation and risk reporting". The overall objective of the standard is to strengthen banks’ risk data aggregation capabilities and internal risk reporting practices, in turn, enhancing the ...