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In descriptive statistics, the range of a set of data is size of the narrowest interval which contains all the data. It is calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest values (also known as the sample maximum and minimum). [1] It is expressed in the same units as the data. The range provides an indication of statistical dispersion.
In statistics, a central tendency (or measure of central tendency) is a central or typical value for a probability distribution. [1] Colloquially, measures of central tendency are often called averages. The term central tendency dates from the late 1920s. [2] The most common measures of central tendency are the arithmetic mean, the median, and ...
Statistics is a mathematical body of science that pertains to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data, [8] or as a branch of mathematics. [9] Some consider statistics to be a distinct mathematical science rather than a branch of mathematics. While many scientific investigations make use of data ...
Mathematical statistics is the application of probability theory, a branch of mathematics, to statistics, as opposed to techniques for collecting statistical data. Specific mathematical techniques which are used for this include mathematical analysis, linear algebra, stochastic analysis, differential equations, and measure theory. [1][2]
All numbers greater than x and less than x + a fall within that open interval. In mathematics, a real interval is the set of all real numbers lying between two fixed endpoints with no "gaps". Each endpoint is either a real number or positive or negative infinity, indicating the interval extends without a bound.
t. e. In common usage, data (/ ˈdeɪtə /, also US: / ˈdætə /) is a collection of discrete or continuous values that convey information, describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted formally. A datum is an individual value in a collection of ...
Mode (statistics) In statistics, the mode is the value that appears most often in a set of data values. [1] If X is a discrete random variable, the mode is the value x at which the probability mass function takes its maximum value (i.e., x=argmaxxi P (X = xi)). In other words, it is the value that is most likely to be sampled.
Time series. In mathematics, a time series is a series of data points indexed (or listed or graphed) in time order. Most commonly, a time series is a sequence taken at successive equally spaced points in time. Thus it is a sequence of discrete-time data. Examples of time series are heights of ocean tides, counts of sunspots, and the daily ...