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Hardware security is a discipline originated from the cryptographic engineering and involves hardware design, access control, secure multi-party computation, secure key storage, ensuring code authenticity, measures to ensure that the supply chain that built the product is secure among other things. [1][2][3][4] A hardware security module (HSM ...
A hardware security module (HSM) is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages secrets (most importantly digital keys), performs encryption and decryption functions for digital signatures, strong authentication and other cryptographic functions. [1] These modules traditionally come in the form of a plug-in card or an external ...
Hardware-based encryption is the use of computer hardware to assist software, or sometimes replace software, in the process of data encryption. Typically, this is implemented as part of the processor 's instruction set. For example, the AES encryption algorithm (a modern cipher) can be implemented using the AES instruction set on the ubiquitous ...
Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is an international standard for a secure cryptoprocessor, a dedicated microcontroller designed to secure hardware through integrated cryptographic keys. The term can also refer to a chip conforming to the standard ISO/IEC 11889. Common uses are to verify platform integrity (to verify that the boot process starts ...
Because side-channel attacks rely on the relationship between information emitted (leaked) through a side channel and the secret data, countermeasures fall into two main categories: (1) eliminate or reduce the release of such information and (2) eliminate the relationship between the leaked information and the secret data, that is, make the leaked information unrelated, or rather uncorrelated ...
A secure cryptoprocessor is a dedicated computer-on-a-chip or microprocessor for carrying out cryptographic operations, embedded in a packaging with multiple physical security measures, which give it a degree of tamper resistance. Unlike cryptographic processors that output decrypted data onto a bus in a secure environment, a secure ...
An authenticator is hardware-based or software-based depending on whether the secret is stored in hardware or software, respectively. An important type of hardware-based authenticator is called a security key, [8] also called a security token (not to be confused with access tokens, session tokens, or other types of security tokens). A security ...
Hardware backdoor. Hardware backdoors are backdoors in hardware, such as code inside hardware or firmware of computer chips. [1] The backdoors may be directly implemented as hardware Trojans in the integrated circuit. Hardware backdoors are intended to undermine security in smartcards and other cryptoprocessors unless investment is made in anti ...