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History. The Free List ran for the first time in the 1986 state elections.In this election, and also in the 1989 election, it was unable to overcome the threshold clause.. In 1993, the Free List overcame the 8% electoral threshold for the first time with over 10% in the state elections and was also able to consolidate in the early elections in the same year with 8.5%, although this remained ...
Party-list system. A party-list system is a type of electoral system that formally involves political parties in the electoral process, usually to facilitate multi-winner elections. In party-list systems, parties put forward a list of candidates, the party-list who stand for election on one ticket. Voters can usually vote directly for the party ...
Closed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively vote for only political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters had some influence, that would be called an open list. Closed list systems are still commonly used in party-list ...
This article is within the scope of WikiProject Lists, an attempt to structure and organize all list pages on Wikipedia. If you wish to help, please visit the project page, where you can join the project and/or contribute to the discussion. Lists Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists Template:WikiProject Lists List articles: Low
These are: (a) major parties, which typically correspond to traditional political parties; (b) minor parties or party-list organizations, which rely on the party-list system to win Congressional seats; and (c) regional or provincial parties, which correspond to region-wide or province-wide organizations, respectively.
Electoral systems. Party-list proportional representation ( list-PR) is a subset of proportional representation electoral systems in which multiple candidates are elected (e.g., elections to parliament) through their position on an electoral list. They can also be used as part of mixed-member electoral systems.
e. Party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines refers to a system in which 20% of the House of Representatives is elected. While the House is predominantly elected by a plurality voting system, known as a first-past-the-post system, party-list representatives are elected by a type of party-list proportional ...
Independence Party - The Two Georges by Harry Turtledove and Richard Dreyfuss. Jeffersonian Party - It Can't Happen Here by Sinclair Lewis and Warrior Class by Dale Brown. Libertarian Immortalist - Schrödinger's Cat trilogy. Liberty Party (a far more extreme version of the Republicans) - Coyote by Allen Steele.